EXPOSING THE HORROR OF SPIRITUAL ABUSE BY; ROBERT BUSHMAN

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Permalink Reply by Pastor Bob B on February 25, 2010 at 7:14am

conclusion
The sad reality
It is a sad reality that many people who suffer this kind of trauma and abuse don’t recover easily or quickly. It can take years to recover for some and some never recover. Many will leave the church; some will attend a church, but will not commit themselves to it.
When you are traumatized by spiritual abuse you have a hard time not focusing on all the negative things in the church, you are suspicious of everything and everyone. You find yourself questioning everything because of the fear of being entrapped again. It is awful to live so cynical, but this is the reality of the spiritual abused person. I know friends who suffered from post traumatic stress disorder, who found themselves experiencing extreme anxiety and panic attacks just by hearing a song or hearing something that is said that reminds them of their former church where they were abused. Some could not attend any kind if church functions because of the trauma. The days of innocence are gone when they could go to church and enjoy the worship, the preaching, and the fellowship of a local church.

For along time I felt like an outsider wondering if I could ever feel connected again, and if I could ever trust again. This stuff is really hard to overcome. I would have people say to me, why can’t you just put it behind you and get over it and get on with your life? I felt like Humpty Dumty who was broken into a million pieces and had no idea of where to begin to put my life back together and get on with it.

It is so important to understand that this group was my life, it was my everything. I ate, drank, invested all my time and energy and all my resources into it. I truly felt I was on the right path. It was if I was going a hundred miles an hour in one direction and when I saw the truth I had to stop the momentum and go in another direction.

I had to redefine my life;
I had to redefine my relationship with the Lord. I also had to for my self spend a lot of time examining my heart, to find some kind understanding of how I was seduced into this group. I had to deal with a fragmented marriage and children that had been neglected for years. I had to rethink my belief systems and I had to redefine my priorities.
I also had to deal with financial problem that I had developed because I had poured so much of my resources into the group.

This redefinition of my life was very difficult, one day I was a licensed Pastor, respected and loved, and the day I left the group in their eyes I was evil, and deceived, demonic and rejected. The teens that I pastured were told that I had back slid, was rebellious and had departed from following the Lord. I had to change my phone number because of so many hateful things that were being left on my answering machine. These people who were my friend for over a decade treated me and my family with such contempt I could barely stand it.

How are the children affected?
The affects of being involved in a spiritually abusive church was detrimental to my children and most of the children whose families came out of the group. The older children experienced a lot of abuse themselves and developed contempt to organized religion. Many children saw their families brake up, even the young children as they grew up saw all the conflict their families went through trying to recover also developed contempt for the church. In an abusive church setting it is all about image. So of course the school hid the fact that one of my children had a learning disability and instead of letting us know, they falsified his grades.


How long does it take recover?
It took me 5 years before I found a church where I finally began to connect again and found a counselor where with the help of the Holy Spirit I was able to let it go and enter into the healing process. 9 years have past and even though I have times where I slip back into my memories and have to place it all in Gods hands again I feel like I have come a long way on my road to recovery.
How are the children affected?
The affects of being involved in a spiritually abusive church was detrimental to my children and most of the children whose families came out of the group. The older children experienced a lot of abuse themselves and developed contempt to organized religion. Many children saw their families brake up, even the young children as they grew up saw all the conflict their families went through trying to recover also developed contempt for the church. In an abusive church setting it is all about image. So of course the school hid the fact that one of my children had a learning disability and instead of letting us know, they falsified his grades.


How long does it take recover?
It took me 5 years before I found a church where I finally began to connect again and found a counselor where with the help of the Holy Spirit I was able to let it go and enter into the healing process. 9 years have past and even though I have times where I slip back into my memories and have to place it all in Gods hands again I feel like I have come a long way on my road to recovery.

I had to deal with forgiveness on three levels

1.I had to find God’s grace in my life to forgive those who hurt me so deeply. I learned that the best way to do this was to pray for those who hurt me. I would pray each time the hurt would come to my mind. I would ask the lord to forgive them for what they did to me and that he would lead them into repentance. I forgave as an act of obedience to the Lord who forgave me so much. Forgiveness is something we do to heal ourselves.

2.I had to forgive myself. I learned that by not forgiving myself is a combination of self- pity and self-righteousness and that I had to come to terms with the fact that God wants us to forgive ourselves. Forgiving my abusers was much easier than forgiving myself. I led my family into a horrible cult, I sat back and allowed my families suffer, I could not forgive myself. I became self destructive, I didn’t deserve my family. I can remember the day when God used a dear family member to help me see that I was carrying out judgment upon myself and helped me to forgive myself.

3.I had to also forgive God. It wasn’t that God had done anything wrong, but during my trial I had become doubtful of his care for me, and I developed unforgiveness because I didn’t understand. I think that we tend to blame God when things go wrong, but the truth is that a lot of our sorrows are of our own making.



Yes I made a lot of mistakes along the way, but I am on my way to recovery from these difficult things that I have had to endure. I want to share a few practical things that have helped me in this process.



Remove distortion of who God is.
Because spiritual abuse strikes at the very core and heart of the person and their relationship with God;
The first thing that must take place is that misconceptions about God’s character, and his person must be challenged to make sure that they have a accurate view of who God is as revealed in his word.

The spiritually abused person’s misconception about God was shaped by those who desired to control and manipulate them. These abusive systems distort who God is and misrepresent God’s heart into something horrific and distorted. This is done to control the congregants.
One of the most horrific results of spiritual abuse is that the victim believes these distortions, rejecting God because of it.
Rebuilding their understanding of Gods true nature, as a loving, accepting, and forgiving God as revealed in Jesus Christ will help to remove the temptation of the person to loose their faith.


Jesus must become supreme.
Lead the spiritually abused person to make Jesus lord of their lives.
Abusive cultic groups promote Jesus as being lord through the Leaders.
They need to come to see Jesus not only as the anointed one sent from God to be their savior, but as their supreme lord and king in their lives.
False doctrine about what leadership means in their life must be challenged and they will need to develop a true, biblical view of headship.


Coming to grips with all they have endured is not easy.

A. The spiritually abused person cries out, “Why me”? “Why did God let this happen to me”? Yes they were hurt and abused; yes they overlooked things and lived in denial some times for years. That was then and now there out and need help to leave the past in the past and not bring it into the present.

B. Help them to see that God will be their source strength and help in their time of need. Show them in the scriptures how Jesus clearly expressed God’s Heart concerning spiritually abusive leaders. They were the only ones Jesus expressed anger to.

C. Show them how God in his great power can cause all things to work together for the good for those who love God and are called according to his purpose. God doesn’t promise us that everything will turn out the way we want it to, but he promises us his devotion and his grace in every situation we may face.

D. There is a lot of shame associated with past involvement with an abusive cultic group that the person will need help resolving. Many times a stigma is attached to them. I have been referred to many times as, “Oh you’re a former blank, blank”. I hated being classified like this. All anyone wants who comes out of a group is to find normality again and not to be classified or labeled with a stigma.




E. You will also need to help some of the people who come out of spiritual abuse to enter into repentance and except forgiveness for abuse that they participated in themselves. They need to be shown that they are responsible for their own personal failure, but not for the group as a whole.

God’s word must become foundational
The spiritually abused person must learn to study the Bible themselves. They need to realize that Holy Spirit is a teacher and he will guide them into all truth. Because of the distortion of the truth they will need to make sure that their belief systems are biblically sound. Many of these groups are reasonably orthodox in doctrine, but truly abusive in the relational aspect of the group.


They need to learn to take care of themselves

A. While in an abusive group many will neglect their personal needs, they might have not even gone to get a physical check up in years. Control in the group is maintained in many ways and one way was to run you ragged. Show them that we as Christian bring glory to God by our daily life style, in our practical life.

B. You will have to also show them that that local church can be beneficial in a right context. They can find instruction, fellowship, and support, and can even find a place to where they can use their gifts and bless others.



There is an added burden if children are involved.
A lot of the school age children have a real hard time adjusting. In the group a lot of fear was generated about outsiders. So they have a hard time going to new schools. They lost family and friends when they left the group whom they my not have contact with any longer, they experience confusion, anger, and grief. Some families were torn apart, and if one parent refused to leave the group they might have to go back and forth between the parents. They need help to overcome all the issues that the adults deal with and more. Many children grow up and want nothing to do with church. Why would they want to be a part of something that caused there parents so much pain? A lot of their wounds come from seeing their parents struggle and hurt because of the group. Many children went through deprivation and neglect and have deep resentment they are dealing with. They felt like they got the left over’s and they were secondary to the church.







It is important that Church leaders can identify abusive authoritarian, abusive, cultic groups.
The following will help you to identify and also help you minister someone who might be seduced into a group.
The following questions come from the book:
Recovering from churches that abuse
By Ronald Enroth, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Zondervon, 1994.
1. Does a member's personality generally become stronger, happier, and more confident as a result of contact with the group?
In an abusive church, the use of guilt, fear, and intimidation to control members is likely to produce members who have a low self-image, who feel beaten down by legalism, who have been taught that asserting oneself is not spiritual.
One of the first disturbing characteristics to be reported by relatives and friends of members of these churches is a noticeable change in personality, usually in a negative direction.
2. Do members of the group seek to strengthen their family commitments?
Nearly all unhealthy churches attempt to minimize the commitments of their members to their family, especially parents.
Young people may be told that they now have a new "spiritual" family, complete with leaders who will "re-parent" them.
Church loyalty is seen as paramount and family commitments are discouraged or viewed as impediments to spiritual advancement.
3. Does the group encourage independent thinking and the development of discernment skills?
Control-oriented leaders attempt to dictate what members think, although the process is so spiritualized that members usually do not realize what is going on.
A pastor or leader is viewed as God's mouth piece, and in varying degrees a member's decision making and ability to think for oneself are swallowed up by the group.
Pressure to conform and low tolerance for questioning make it difficult to be truly discerning.
4. Does the group allow for individual differences of belief and behavior, particularly on issues of secondary importance?
A legalistic emphasis on keeping rules and a focus on the need to stay within prescribed boundaries is always present in unhealthy spiritual environments.
Lifestyle rigidity in such groups increases a member's guilt feelings and contributes to spiritual bondage. This rigidity is often coupled with an emphasis on beliefs that would not receive great attention in mainstream evangelicalism.
5. Does the group encourage high moral standards both among members and between members and non members?
In intense, legalistic churches and religious organizations, the official, public proclamations usually place special value on high moral standards.
In some instances, there is a double standard between those in leadership and those in the rank and file membership.
Abusive churches tend to have incidents of sexual misconduct more often than most conventional churches; leaders sometimes exhibit an obsessive interest in matters relating to sex.
6. Does the group's leadership invite dialogue, advice and evaluation from outside its immediate circle?
Authoritarian pastors are usually threatened by any outside expression of diverse opinions, whether from inside or outside the group. When outside speakers are given access to the pulpit, they are carefully selected to minimize any threat to the leadership's agenda.
Coercive pastors are fiercely independent and do not function well in a structure of accountability.
For the sake of public relations, they may boast that they are accountable to a board of some sort, when in actuality the board is composed of "yes-men" who do not question the leader's authority.
7. Does the group allow for development in theological beliefs?
Another hallmark of an authoritarian church is its intolerance of any belief system different from its own.
They tend to measure and evaluate all forms of Christian spirituality according to their own carefully prescribed system, adopting an "us-versus-them" mentality.
8. Are group members encouraged to ask hard questions of any kind?
A cardinal rule of abusive systems is "Don't ask questions, don't make waves."
A healthy pastor welcomes even tough questions. In an unhealthy church disagreement with the pastor is considered to be disloyalty and is tantamount to disobeying God.
People who repeatedly question the system are labeled "rebellious", "unteachable", or "disharmonious to the body of Christ".
Persistent questioners may face sanctions of some kind such as being publicly ridiculed, shunned, shamed, humiliated, or disfellowshiped.
9. Do members appreciate truth wherever it is found even if it is outside their group?
Whether they admit it or not, abusive churches tend to view themselves as spiritually superior to other Christian groups.
This religious elitism allows little room for outside influences. There can be no compromise with external sources, who, the leadership will say, really don't understand what is going on in the ministry anyway.
10. Is the group honest in dealing with nonmembers, especially as it tries to win them to the group?
Sometimes abusive groups illustrate a "split-level religion". There is one level for public presentation and another for the inner circle of membership.
The former is a carefully crafted public relations effort, the latter a reality level experienced only by the "true believers".
Recruitment tactics are usually intense, even if they are not actually deceptive or fraudulent, they can be manipulative or exploitive.
Sometimes high pressure religious groups are evasive about there true identity: "We really don't have a name, we're just Christians."
A healthy Christian group should have no qualms about revealing who it is and what its intentions are.



11. Does the group foster relationships and connections with the larger society that are more than self-serving?
First impressions are not always correct. Sustained contact with an unhealthy church, however, will usually reveal a pattern that is consistent with the characteristics we have identified.
Members will be requested to serve, to become involved, to sign up for a variety of activities that, upon closer inspection, appear to maintain the system and serve the needs of the leadership.
Abusive churches thrive on tactics that promote dependency.
Emphasizing obedience and submission to leaders, these churches often require a level of service that is overwhelming to members, resulting in emotional turmoil and spiritual breakdowns.

We are experiencing an epidemic of abusive, cultic groups in America
I was overwhelmed as I read this evaluation as I saw so many of the characteristic of the abusive group I had been evolved with.
Dr Louis J. West, former director of the neuron-psychiatric institute at UCLA, has commented; “For the last two decades the situation has been growing steadily worse. We don’t know how many people are affected”. He goes on to say that he has seen estimates that as many as 10 million Americans have been at least briefly involved with cultic groups during the last 20 years. He also said that even if were 1million the situation would be grave.
Dr Walter Martin, in his book, martin speaks out on the cults (Ventura, Ca: Regal Books, 1983) reported that there are 30 million people in the U.S. who currently belong to thousands of cults now operating in this country.
It is disturbing to be confronted with such a great problem, but to the best of my knowledge there are a mere handful of books written on the social and psychological affects of destructive cults. There are many books that deal with theological heresies of the more well known cults.
Unfortunately, the impression is easily gained from these books that cults can be identified strictly on the basis of doctrine, while ignoring cultic practices such as authoritarianism, legalism, and humiliation, verbal and physical abuse.

Another problem is that the focus on the more visible cults can obscure the fact that there are thousands of small cult groups that never make media headlines.
These groups can be just as dangerous and sometimes more dangerous than the more visible groups. Ron Enroth says that He is confronted on a regular basis with hurting people who are coming to him from these groups.
It’s time for the Church of Jesus Christ to step up to the plate

The church has done a lot with other social needs; they have provided resources for unwed mothers, for the unborn, for addicts, and for alcoholics.
Now it is time for the church to step up to the plate and help people coming out of abusive groups. It will evolve a ministry of reconciliation, healing, and nurturing.
Nobody knew what to do when multitudes of people came out of the group I was evolved with and started pouring into the local churches.
These people have special needs and special problems. These people are often misunderstood. There are many reason why they finally leave the cults; some are throne out, some escape, some drift away, some walk out, unable to stomach the regimen any longer. Most of the people and families come out with none or limited financial resources
Where do these people go if there are no charitable services available?

Abusive, cultic groups hurt the Church

Many churches themselves have suffered as a result of many of their own members who were seduced into these groups.
I was a member of a church for 8 years when I was seduced into the abusive, authoritarian, group. The church was a small church and close to half the church left to join this group.
Can you imagine how hard it was for the church to recover from this kind of exodus? Many churches are filled with people who have never been evolved with these abusive groups, but have been wounded just the same.
Most of the growth in the abusive group that I was in was from people who left other churches. So it is of utmost important that there are not any roots of bitterness in these churches if they are going to be in the ministry of reconciliation as spiritually abused people come into their churches.

Healing in the Body Of Christ
If the body is ill, the head hurts, the body temperature is elevated, the heart races, the lungs labor, the skin flushes or cools as needed. The kidneys work overtime to filter out infection; the brain directs each organ and each function of the body to cooperate in throwing off the enemy and restoring the organism to health.
This cooperation, this united effort against outside forces that invade the body, is an illustration of how the separate members of the Body of Christ ought to unite to work against threatening forces of evil and spiritual abuse.
Healthy churches will not be so susceptible to its members being pulled into these groups and will be able to minister healing to wounded members of the body whom the Lord will send to them.
It is all about healing broken people, not judging them. You are not going to be contaminated by them. We are one with each other. When one member of the body of Christ hurts, we all hurt. We can’t ignore them, we can’t pretend there not there either. The Holy Spirit will give specific wisdom for each situation because each situation is unique as the person is unique.

The Pain Of Grief
Leaving a cult or an abusive church is like experiencing the death of a close relative or a broken relationship. The feeling is often described as like having been betrayed by someone with whom you were in love with. You feel as if you were simply used.
There is a grieving process to pass through. Whereas most people understand that a person must grieve after a death etc, they find it difficult to understand the same applies in this situation. There is no instant cure for the grief, confusion and pain. Like all grieving periods, time is the healer.
Some feel guilty, or wrong about this grief. They shouldn’t - It is normal.
It is not wrong to feel confused, uncertain, disillusioned, guilty, angry, untrusting - these are all part of the process. In time the negative feelings will be replaced with clear thinking, joy, peace, and trust.
Yes - It hurts but the hurts will heal with time, patience & understanding.
Profile of abuse leaders
A.They appear to be a positive person.
B.It seems they always keep a smile on their face.
C.They may appear to be very optimistic and up.
D.Their sermons are full of quick easy answers and glib advice.
E.They have dark hidden temptations, marriage problems, and failures in parenting, and finances that are never disclosed.
F.They control the flow of information and silence any people who are troublemakers.
G.They can’t tolerate freedom of expression, honest questions, or straight talk.
H.They appeal for unity in order to protect themselves from critical examination.
I.They see themselves as the supreme determining or guiding influence.
J.They use fear tactics to hold the congregants captive through things such as false teaching, and false prophecy.
K.They feel they are above error. They will not submit themselves under anyone.
L.They produce bad fruit.
M.They have a prideful, arrogant, independent spirit,
N.They use seats of authority to control which have nothing to do with true spiritual authority such as PhDs, MAs, The Anointed, etc.



Conclusion

As for me I can truly say that every act of love that was showed to me and my family, every tear that was shed with me, every listening ear without degrading judgments, and every encouraging word helped me on my own road to recovery.

But nothing about spiritual abuse is simple. Those who have experienced it know it is powerful enough to cause them to question their relationship with God, indeed, the very existence of God. The damage that has been done is not irreversible. It is possible for the abused person to feel safe again. It is possible for them to learn to rest again. It is possible for them to regain that sense of blessing they once had when they first realized that God's stance towards them, God's 'yes', was not based on your performance, but rather on God's very own performance, that of Jesus, signed, sealed, finished, available in gift-form only.

It has taken many years for me to recover; I still suffer from some ramifications of it that I will have to continue to deal with for the rest of my life. My hope and prayer is that the church will become more proactive in dealing with these issues.

The enemy has intimidated, and overwhelmed the church long enough. We have the truth that sets people free. As more information is being generated increasing awareness about this need I hope that maybe less people will be seduced into these groups and that maybe the healing process for these abused souls can be accelerated.

I also hope that individual churches themselves will begin to look and see if they to have experienced abuse and are harboring hurt from those who abandoned them for a cultic group. I went back to the church where I was seduced out of and ask for forgiveness from anyone I had hurt and after almost 20 years there were some people who came forward and reconciled with us.

Permalink Reply by Rebecca Ann Chadwick on February 26, 2010 at 12:11pm

There are so many aspects that I can relate to in this article. The Leader in my church met all but two of your profile. In this instance it is not money related ... it seems to be the power of a prideful ego. Thank you for sharing this. The Lord is my shield and my buckler..He covers me and in His faithfulness I find refuge. I have not left. I find myself being led to help others who are under attack. In submitting to the Lord and His strength I am standing in the gap. I covet your prayers ... and no I am not a martyr. I just want to give my all to the Lord. A while back I asked to be used and as I look back from that time forward He has used me. He has tried me and I did not always see that part of it. Again, thank you for writing this.

Permalink Reply by Pastor Bob B on February 26, 2010 at 3:29pm

Hi Rebecca,
I admire you for wanting to help others who are under attack. Just realize that the enemy is behind the scenes and he uses the desire for power, pride, a inflated ego as fuel to steal, kill, and destroy. Most of the time we are only seeing the tip of the ice burg.

If God is calling you to stay and help other, then He will give you special grace. God loves every soul in your group and He is going to help those who have sincere hearts to see the truth. There is most likely just a few key leaders who are in the wrong. But those under them have such good hearts that they can't imagine that there could be those whose hearts and motives are wrong in the leadership.

I pray for you Rebecca that God would set a guard over your heart, that he would give you special grace and wisdom, that you might be an instrument of change in the hands of the Lord to get you group back on course. I exhort you that maybe like Ester God would use you for such a time as this to help God's people find the truth that liberates, the truth that brings forth life, the truth that will stop every lie and deception.
In Jesus name amen

Permalink Reply by Rebecca Ann Chadwick on February 27, 2010 at 10:34am

Thank you again ... this time for your prayers. I do know there is a peace that surpasses all understanding. God has been giving me discernment in this situation. He has guarded my heart in such a way that the arrows do not penetrate anymore. I have been able to recognize the attacks as what they truly are...we battle not against flesh and blood! I have been led to offer support to others. There is scripture that speaks to the shepherd that scatters the sheep. Many have left ... one young man in particular is caught up in hurt , anger and bitterness. I know I am to be standing in the gap for him. Please join me as I pray that the spirits of bondage, fear and oppression are broken. There is power in the name of Jesus. He desires that no one perish. And I know the battle in deed is the Lords. I give all glory and honor to my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. He will never leave nor forsake us.

Permalink Reply by Pastor Bob B on February 27, 2010 at 1:55pm

Thanks Charles for sharing,
God has not called Pastors to be big shots, bosses, or supreme commanders, but they are to be servants.
God is raising up a new generation of Biblical leaders who themselves suffered in churches like we dealt with who will not tolerate this stuff. We want Jesus to become famous, not us. We want to hide behind the cross so the world will see the truth that sets us free.

Permalink Reply by Serenity on April 7, 2010 at 4:32pm

Hi Bob,
I am writing a book and part of it is about spiritual abuse in the churches. I am looking for the stories of one or two other people to put in that particular chapter of the book. The book is descriptive of how I found God and of God's protection and love during stalking by proxy for over 20 years. It describes the tactics utilized by the stalkers, which included illegal breaking and entering, killing of pets, infiltration and destruction of business, illegal phone tapping, workplace bullying and mobbing, character assassination and more. It describes the feelings of betrayal and confusion which launched my 10-year search of Scriptures topically and prayerfully, the guidance by my beloved pastor and the one friend who did not betray me, who did not believe the lies. The book also mentions the psychological and physiological impact of these types of trauma and financial devastation resulting. Mentioned in passing, there is also limited information concerning political and police corruption not only because it was a small part of what I went through, but also because certain civil rights activists residing in the same county also went through their own forms of this trauma and theirs included false arrests and being put in jail and deaths. They should not die in vain with just a newspaper account. Would they be alive today if they, too, had turned to God?



This was a journey that was extremely traumatizing until I turned to our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. Turning to God resulted in mind-boggling peace amidst absolute terror, turning hopelessness into hope and into victory. The best and biggest thing, however, is that God turned what was meant for evil and destruction into the biggest blessing of my life. I tell, in narrative form with Scripture endnoted, what I learned during my long, prayerful search of the Word of God and describe what God taught me that is more valuable than money. My young daughter and I even experienced a couple of miracles – they can have been nothing other than the hand of God reaching down and saving our lives.

We have a marvolous, wonderful, loving Father who created us, planned out our lives but gives us choices, and His Word answered all my questions of what is really going on here, who would do these malicious things to another person, what kinds of people would agree to be puppets of unrighteousness, hurting someone they didn't even knew, what kinds of people would believe lies about someone they did know that were the opposite of what they knew about the person, what did God think of all of the people involved, and what was going to happen to everybody in the end. Scripture answers all those questions conclusively. Walk with me through my journey of discovery, guided, I believe, by the Holy Spirit.

Hope to hear from you soon.

Serenity

Permalink Reply by Pastor Bob B on April 7, 2010 at 7:31pm

Serenity, I am so sorry to hear of all the horror that you and your family have had to go through. If you read through the article you will notice that it is the same devil trying to steal, kill, and destroy. It has been 12 year now that I have been recovering from spiritual abuse. I have lost so much, but have given it all over to the Lord. I have to trust that God can cause all things to work for the good for those who love Him. My heart breaks for those like my ex-wife and others who have not been able to recover.

I pray that God will bless you in your endeavor to write a book. I hope to also write a book one of these days, a devotional type book. I pray God's blessing and peace will be yours.

In the love of Jesus
Bob